*Endress+Hause電磁流量計(jì)50P80-EAOA1AAOAAAA
E+H電磁流量計(jì)是根據(jù)法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律進(jìn)行流量測(cè)量的流量計(jì)。電磁流量計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是壓損小，可測(cè)流量范圍大。zui大流量與zui小流量的比值一般為20：1以上，適用的工業(yè)管徑范圍寬，zui大可達(dá)3m，輸出信和被測(cè)流量成線性，精確度較高，可測(cè)量電導(dǎo)率≥1μs/cm的酸、堿、鹽溶液、水、污水、腐蝕性液體以及泥漿、礦漿的流體流量。但它不能測(cè)量氣體、蒸汽以及純凈水的流量。
當(dāng)導(dǎo)體在磁場(chǎng)中作切割磁力線運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，在導(dǎo)體中會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢(shì)，感應(yīng)電勢(shì)的大小與導(dǎo)體在磁場(chǎng)中的有效長(zhǎng)度及導(dǎo)體在磁場(chǎng)中作垂直于磁場(chǎng)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度成正比。同理，導(dǎo)電流體在磁場(chǎng)中作垂直方向流動(dòng)而切割磁感應(yīng)力線時(shí)，也會(huì)在管道兩邊的電上產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢(shì)。感應(yīng)電勢(shì)的方向由右手定則判定，感應(yīng)電勢(shì)的大小由下式確定：
Ex=BDv-----------------式（1）
式中Ex—感應(yīng)電勢(shì)，V；
B—磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度，T
D—管道內(nèi)徑，m
v—液體的平均流速，m/s
然而體積流量qv等于流體的流速v與管道截面積（πD?）/4的乘積，將式（1）代入該式得：
Qv=（πD/4B）* Ex ---------式（2）
由上式可知，在管道直徑D己定且保持磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B不變時(shí)，被測(cè)體積流量與感應(yīng)電勢(shì)呈線性關(guān)系。若在管道兩側(cè)各插入一根電，就可引入感應(yīng)電勢(shì)Ex，測(cè)量此電勢(shì)的大小，就可求得體積流量。
*Endress+Hause電磁流量計(jì)50P系列測(cè)量原理：根據(jù)法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律，在磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B的均勻磁場(chǎng)中，垂直于磁場(chǎng)方向放一個(gè)內(nèi)徑為D的不導(dǎo)磁管道，當(dāng)導(dǎo)電液體在管道中以流速v流動(dòng)時(shí)，導(dǎo)電流體就切割磁力線.如果在管道截面上垂直于磁場(chǎng)的直徑兩端安裝一對(duì)電則可以證明，只要管道內(nèi)流速分布為軸對(duì)稱分布，兩電之間產(chǎn)生感生電動(dòng)勢(shì)：
e=KBDv （3-36）
式中，v為管道截面上的平均流速，k為儀表常數(shù)。由此可得管道的體積流量為：
qv= πeD/4KB （3-37）
由上式可見(jiàn)，體積流量qv與感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)e和測(cè)量管內(nèi)徑D成線性關(guān)系，與磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B成反比，與其它物理參數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)。這就是電磁流量計(jì)的測(cè)量原理。
需要說(shuō)明的是，要使式（3—37）嚴(yán)格成立，必須使電磁流量計(jì)測(cè)量條件滿足下列定：
①磁場(chǎng)是均勻分布的恒定磁場(chǎng);
②被測(cè)流體的流速軸對(duì)稱分布;
③被測(cè)液體是非磁性的;
④被測(cè)液體的電導(dǎo)率均勻且各向同性。
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